Etkileşim

Etkileşim is the Academic Journal of Üsküdar University, Faculty of Communication. The journal is a peer-reviewed, bilingual publication accepting articles in Turkish and English. It is an open access journal published biannually in April-October, available both in printed and online versions. Etkileşim is indexed by DOAJ and EBSCO.

Etkileşim’s evaluation process operates on the basis of double-blind refereeing. It also has a comment section (Etkileşim/Yorum) where translated articles that do not require peer-review, book reviews and academic essays are included.

THE AIM OF THE JOURNAL
The aim of Etkileşim is to convey the original works by academics and researchers who are experts in their fields and in other fields of communication sciences and social sciences, expanding to the fields of physical sciences that intersect with communication sciences, to relevant circles. Etkileşim aims to contribute to academic interaction at national and international level.

Üsküdar University Faculty of Communication Academic Journal Etkileşim consists of two parts. First and the main part includes double blind peer-reviewed scientific articles from the field of communication sciences, cultural studies, or social sciences. The articles are to be original studies in Turkish or English. The manuscripts may either be research articles or review articles. The second part includes non-peer reviewed academic studies such as article translations, book reviews, essays, or interviews.

AUTHOR GUIDELINES
Below are the paper submission rules of Etkileşim Üsküdar University Faculty of Communication Academic Journal:
• Page set up: 2,5 cm from top, bottom, both left and right. In text line spacing should be 1.5. In references, line spacing should be single.
• Page numbers should be placed at the bottom on the right.
• The main language of the journal is Turkish, contributions in English are also accepted. Revisions regarding to principles may be made by editors/co-editors. Revisions regarding language use, punctuation and abbreviations will be based on the most recent edition of the spelling guide of Turkish Language Institution.
• For Turkish written manuscripts, there should be an English Abstract followed by the Turkish Abstract before the introduction part. For English written manuscripts, there should be a Turkish Abstract followed by English Abstract before the introduction part.
• Maximum length of the manuscripts should be 30 pages including the abstracts and references.
• Abstracts, both in Turkish and English, should be no longer than 300 words including the main title in English and Turkish and five keywords.
• The article title should be 14 point bold, centered and all in upper-case. The subtitles should be left-aligned, 12 point, bold and title case (with first letter of each word in upper-case).
• Name and surname of the author(s) should be placed under the main title, centered, and surname written in capitals. After surname, superscripted asterisk (*) should be placed and information regarding the author/authors’ institutions, contact information and Orcid numbers must be written in Times New Roman 10 point and single line space that should be seen only in the first page of the article, justified in footer.
• Abstract heading should be title case, left-aligned, 12 point and bold. Abstracts and Key Words should be 11 point and 1.5 line spaced.
• Text should be justified, written in Times New Roman 12 points, 1,5 line spacing. New paragraphs should be 1,25” left indented. There should be a single space before the titles within the text.
• Expressions in the text, such as newspapers, books, magazines, artworks, computer games, mobile applications and brand names should be written in italic.
• Footnotes should be justified, written in Times New Roman 10 points, single line spacing. Text should start with a space after the footnote.
• References should be 11 point with single spacing. If the information is longer than a line, the next line(s) should start with 1,25 indent. In cases where more than one work of the same author is used, a straight line is used instead of the author's name in repetitions after the first work.
• In accordance with COPE principles and academic study criteria, ethics committee approval should be obtained depending on the field of study and should be stated in detail in the study.
• In order to evaluate the studies, the level of similarity should be less than 25% in Turnitin / Ithenticate plagiarism report. Studies with similarity rates above 25% will not be considered.

-Referencing Rules
• In Üsküdar University Faculty of Communication Academic Journal Etkileşim, the only referencing method that can be used is referencing within the main text method, that is to say APA 7.0 (American Psychological Association).
• Therefore, references should be mentioned within the main text by indicating author’s surname, publication date and page number cited within parenthesis (Tarhan, 2006, p. 125).
• Extra explanations regarding the main text and other remarks should be given in footnotes. These notes should be numbered within the text as 1, 2, 3 and should be given at the end of the page with respective order and corresponding remarks.
• The footnotes for the remarks that are given at the end of the page should also be referred with referencing within the main text method, (APA).
• When quoting in the paper, if a direct quote is less than 40 words, incorporate it into your text and use quotation marks. If a direct quote is more than 40 words, make the quotation a free-standing indented block of text and do not use quotation marks. The quotation should be 10 point and single spaced.
• If the author’s name is given in the main text, only the publication year and page number should be given within parenthesis. (2006, p. 25).
• If there are two co-authors, both authors’ surname should be mentioned: (Couldry & Mejias, 2019, p. 19). If there are more than two co-authors, “et. al” should be included (Alemdar et al., 2004, p. 28).
• If multiple references are made for the same subject, resources should be separated by semicolon (Geray, 2005, p. 31; Moran, 2006, p. 37).
• Consecutive pages should be referenced as (Baudrillard, 2004, p. 20, 38 and 52). Non-consecutive pages should be referenced as (Bauman, 2012, pp. 20-24, 48-56).
• If different studies by the same author are given in the same parenthesis, citations are placed with dates in chronological order. The authors’ surnames are given once; for each subsequent work, only the date should be given (Güngör, 1989, 2008, 2011).
• If multiple publications with same author and same publication year will be referenced, these publications should be differentiated by adding a, b, c, etc to the publication year, (McQuail, 1987a, p. 55) (McQuail, 1987b, p. 40).
• If the author is unknown or not mentioned, first words of the study is used in parenthesis. It should be in italic and the date should be mentioned afterwards.
• It is essential to reach primary sources, however, if cannot be reached due to some hardships, the source cited should be mentioned. E.g. (Güngör, 1997, p. 21 as cited in Storey, 2016, p. 297).
• In electronic sources with no author, source’s domain name and publication date should be specified. The name of the cited source should be in italic. The URL will be given only in the references. E.g. (Radikal, 2016, March 23).
• References to messages in social media accounts must specify the name of the writer and the year in which the message was written. For instance: (Gates, 2013).
• In cases where organizations (groups) are referred to in the text, abbreviations are shown with square brackets [ ] next to the full names of the organizations in the first citation, then abbreviations are used (American Psychological Association [APA], 2017).
• Archive documents such as State Archives of the Prime Ministry, Ottoman State Archives referred within the text should be specified as (BCA. 30.10 / 1.2.12) or (BOA. DH-SYS. 65/7).
• Referencing translated works, name of the author is essential, (Fiske, 1996, p. 25). Translator’s name is specified in the references.
• If cited from an edited book, author’s name of the article should be specified. Full identity of the edited book including the article should be presented in the references.
• Attachments (documents), shall be presented at the end of the text and down below should be a brief information as to the content of the document and proper citation in line with the relevant criteria. Other attachments (Table, Figure, Graphs) will be presented as Additional Table:1, Additional Graph:1 and Additional Figure:3 after the references.
• Figures, graphs and maps within the text should be titled right under and cited source should be given according to APA rules.

-Organizing References
• The list of references should only include the resources, which were referred in the article.
• According to the APA 7.0 rules, references should be sorted alphabetically by the surname of the first authors of the sources.
• If there exists more than one work of an author with the same date in the references, expressions “a, b, c” should be used to distinguish them from each other and this should be adhered to in the references in the text and in the references section.
• The latest version of APA is taken into account for the works that are not included in the citation formats specified below.

PRINTED PUBLICATIONS

Book with One Author
Innis, H. (1950). Empire and communication. Clarendon Press.

Book with Two Authors
Horkheimer, M., & Adorno, T. W. (1972). Dialectic of enlightenment. Continuum.

Book with Multiple Authors
Leiss, W., Kline, S., & Jhally, S. (1986). Social communication advertising. Macmillan.

Translated Book
Barthes, R. (1983). Mythologies (A. Lavers, Trans.). Hill and Wang.

Edited Book
Durham, M., & Kellner, D. (Eds.). (2001). Media and cultural studies: Keyworks. Blackwell.

Chapter/Work in an Edited Book
Graham, A. (1996). Are you now or have you ever been? Conspiracy theory and the X-Files. D. Lavery, A. Hague & M. Cartwright (Eds.), Reading the X-Files (pp. 52-62). Syracuse University Press.

Article from a Peer-Reviewed Journal
Thomas, E. R. (2000). Uses and gratifications theory in the 21st century. Mass Communication and Society, 3(1), 3-37.

Magazine Article
Tseëlon, E. (1998). Fashion, fantasy and horror. Arena, 12, 117.

Newspaper Article with Author
Laughland, O. (2018, May 7). Fate of Iran nuclear deal at stake as UK foreign secretary heads to Washington. The Guardian.

No Author
The Australian. (2009, October 1). Parential attitude key to healthier drinking habits. The Australian.

Unpublished Thesis / Dissertation
Montes, A. L. G. (2014). The use and perception of English in Brazilian magazine advertisements (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Arizona State University.

Conference Paper/Proceedings
Strömbäck, J. and Luengo, Ó. G. (2006). Framing and election news coverage in Spain and Sweden [Conference Paper]. 4th International Symposium Communication in the Millennium. Eskişehir, Anadolu University.

ONLINE REFERENCES

Articles with DOI Assigned
West, A. (2011). Reality television and the power of dirt: Metaphor and matter. Screen, 52(1), 63-77. https://doi.org/10.1093/screen/hjq050.

Article with no DOI Assigned/Freely Available Online
Haigh, M., & Dardis, F. (2012). The impact of apology on organization – public relationships and perceptions of corporate social responsibility. Public Relations Journal, 6(1), http://www.prsa.org/Intelligence/PRJournal/Documents/2012HaighDardis.pdf

Web Page/Blog Post
Bordwell, D. (2013, June 18). David Koepp: Making the world movie-sized.  Retrieved November 12, 2015 from http://www.davidbordwell.net/blog/page/27/

Newspaper Article (with author)
Sullivan, M. (2014, July 28). It’s time to push back when government controls the message. The New York Times. Retrieved March 7, 2016 from https://archive.nytimes.com/publiceditor.blogs.nytimes.com/2014/07/28/its-time-to-push-back-when-government-controls-the-message/

Newspaper Article (no author)
Reuters. (2013, October 13). The top films at the North American box office. Reuters. Retrieved July 11, 2014 from http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/10/13/boxoffice-chartidUSL1N0I30A520131013

Citing Social Media
Jenkins, H. [@henryjenkins]. (2021, November 9). I am pleased to announce that I have been able to reclaim my Twitter account from a hostile takeover by hackers. We've lost some folks, but I delighted to be back. Did you miss me? [Tweet]. Twitter. Retrieved December 28, 2021 from https://twitter.com/henryjenkins/status/1457820360766750721?cxt=HHwWgoCs3Z35m7soAAAA

Online Dictionary
Encyclopedia of Social Media and Politics (2014). Working Class. In Encyclopedia of social media and politics. CQ Press. Retrieved December 17, 2015 from http://search.credoreference.com/content/entry/cqpresssomedpol/working_class

Online Encyclopedia
Friend, C. (n.d). Social contract theory. J. Fieser & B. Dowden (Eds.), Internet encyclopedia of philosophy.  Retrieved June 28, 2014 from http://www.iep.utm.edu/soc-cont/

Wiki
Post-Structuralism. (n.d). In Wikipedia. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post-structuralism

Audiovisual Media
Motion Picture/Video/DVD
Kazan, E. (Director). (1955). East of Eden [Film]. Warner Bros.

YouTube and Other Video Sharing Sites
DW News. (2022, October 9). What needs to be done to make global industry go green? [Video]. Retrieved October 9, 2022 from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fCM_V52Krk4

ETKİLEŞİM PUBLICATION POLICY
ETHICAL PRINCIPLES AND STAKEHOLDER RESPONSIBILITIES

Ethical Principles

Etkileşim (Interaction), the Academic Journal of Üsküdar University, Faculty of Communication (henceforth, “the journal”), undertakes to carry out publication ethics within the framework of the standards set by internationally accepted academic institutions, particularly "Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE)". In this context, the authors are responsible for the opinions, thoughts and comments in the articles and Üsküdar University cannot be held responsible. Studies containing hate speech, discrimination, marginalization and similar unethical expressions are not taken into consideration. Scientific and academic ethical understanding is based on all stages of evaluation, acceptance and publication of articles. In cases such as the use of fake or fraudulent data, the application of unethical techniques / methods in studies conducted with humans or animals, and the detection of quoting from other sources without reference; the relevant study is not evaluated, and elements mentioned above are reported to the author. The published texts can be used with reference, based on intellectual property and copyright legislation, for academic purposes. They cannot be reproduced partially or completely for commercial purposes. The 'Ethical Principles' of the journal also operate within the framework of the responsibilities of journal stakeholders.

Ethics Committee Permission

Within the framework of the ethical approach adopted by Etkileşim’s nationally and internationally valid academic studies and research rules, the types of research that require the author to obtain 'ethics committee permission' from the relevant institution are as follows:

* Survey, focus group, observation, experiment, interview techniques and all kinds of research conducted with qualitative or quantitative approaches that require data collection from participants using questionnaire,

* Studies in which humans and animals (including material / data) are used for experimental or other scientific purposes,

* Clinical research on humans,

* Experimental research on animals,

* Retrospective studies in accordance with the Law on Protection of Personal Data (“PPDL”).

Also;

* To obtain "informed consent form" for case reports,

* To obtain permission from the owners for the use of scales, questionnaires, photographs and similar visual materials belonging to others and including this information in the relevant sections,

* It must be declared that intellectual and artistic works used comply with the copyright regulations.

In this regard, details of the "Ethics Committee Approval" should be included in the article and the "Ethics Committee Approval Report" should be uploaded to the system while the article is sent to Etkileşim via DergiPark. If required, the editorial board has the right to request detailed information from the author on this subject. Studies that require "Ethics Committee Approval" but do not present the report will not be evaluated.


Stakeholder Responsibilities

Editorial Board / Editors

The Editorial Board / Editors (Managing Editor, Editor, Assistant Editors, Language Editors, Web Editors, Secretariat) of Etkileşim are responsible for all kinds of content published in the journal and undertake the following roles and obligations in line with the relevant articles:

• Undertaking all kinds of responsibilities regarding legal processes in line with job descriptions,

• To provide information to the author and the reader upon request,

• To strive for the development of Etkileşim,

• Supporting freedom of thought and expression,

• To stand against hate speech, discrimination and marginalization,

• To be respectful to ethical principles and intellectual rights,

• To carry out all processes transparently in accordance with accountability criteria.

Reviewers

Referees who are experts in their fields employ blind reviewing without compromising academic and ethical principles. Referees must comply with the following rules during the article evaluation process:

• Notifying the editorial board about the studies outside the field of expertise,

• Keeping author names confidential or not trying to communicate with the author,

• Conducting all kinds of communication with the editors through the official digital channels of Etkileşim,

• Carrying out the article evaluation process in line with the principle of confidentiality,

• Not compromising the principle of objectivity in evaluation,

• In the event of any conflict of interest, requesting a rejection of the review and reporting it to the editors,

• Bearing in mind that the assessment is only focused on work, and personal perspective and approach style differences are not allowed to affect the evaluation process,

• Preparing the evaluation report by adhering to the scientific attitude and understanding, without going beyond the limits of academic respect and courtesy,

• Referees involved in the evaluation process are required to adopt the journal's publishing policy, ethical principles and editorial attitude.

Authors

Authors who submit articles to Etkileşim are expected to perform in accordance with ethical principles and publication principles. In this context, authors must comply with the following rules set by the editorial board:

• The article cannot have been published in digital or printed media.

• The article cannot be published in any other medium without informing the journal management. However, if the author withdraws the article or the evaluation results negatively, the author may publish his article in another medium.

• An article published in Etkileşim cannot be just published or printed in another medium.

• During the submission process, the "Ethics Committee Approval Report", "Copyright Transfer Agreement" and the documents showing the plagiarism rate (received via Turnitin or iThenticate) should also be submitted to the editorial board.

• If the article is an original study, it should be referred to in accordance with the academic and ethical understanding in case of benefiting from other studies, and all of the cited works should be listed in the bibliography.

• Those who do not contribute to the article should not be included in the author section.

• If any financial support is received during the preparation / publication of the article, this should be clearly stated in the relevant text.

• If information, raw data or annotation is requested regarding the article during the evaluation processes, the data should be forwarded to the relevant units.

• In cases where a possible error or correction is required, the author should be involved in the process by contacting the editors.

• The author's request to withdraw the article is accepted only at the evaluation stage. Article withdrawal requests are not accepted at the printing / publication stage of the journal.

• Requests for changing author names and order of responsibility are not processed for articles taken into the evaluation process.

• After the articles are edited, they are sent to the authors for final approval before printing.

ETKİLEŞİM JOURNAL PUBLICATION PROCESS AND PRINCIPLES

Publication Process

Üsküdar University Faculty of Communication Academic Journal Etkileşim is an open access, international refereed scientific journal.

1. Submission of the manuscripts is via Dergipark system only. The articles are to be submitted before the deadline determined in the Call For Papers. Manuscripts for Etkileşim/Review and Remarks section (such as book reviews, interviews, translations) do not undergo refereeing process; hence, “Call For Articles” does not apply to Etkileşim /Reviews and Remarks, there is no deadline for such manuscripts and they are welcome throughout the year.
2. While submitting, the corresponding author must also upload "Ethics Committee Approval Report", the "Copyright Transfer Agreement" and the plagiarism report (obtained through Turnitin or iThenticate).
3. Before the review process, Editors and Editorial Board pre-evaluate the manuscripts together with the "Ethics Committee Approval Report", the "Copyright Transfer Agreement" and the plagiarism report (obtained through Turnitin or iThenticate).
4. Etkileşim adopts double-blind refereeing system. This means that both the referees and author identities are concealed from the reviewers, and vice versa, throughout the whole reviewing process. While sending the articles to the referees, the articles are prepared in a way that does not give away the authors’ identity. Each article that is submitted is sent to two national / international referees, who are experts in the relevant field, after the editorial pre-evaluation. The referees are to be from different institutions.
5. If the article is accepted directly by both referees, it is ready for the proofreading process.
6. If one or both of the referee reports indicate correction (minor or major revision), the article is sent to the author together with the correction reports. The author is asked to make corrections within one month at the latest and send the article to the editor of the journal highlighting the corrections made.
7. In case of two different referee decisions, the article is sent to the third referee.
8. In case of "not publishable" report from both referees, the editor submits the referee reports to the author together with the "not publishable" decision.
9. The author is obliged to take into account the evaluation, criticism and suggestions of the referee and the Editorial Board. In the event that the evaluation, criticism and suggestions are not approved, the author has the right to report them to the editor of the journal.
10. The article, which is sent to the editor of the journal after the correction process is completed by the author, is sent again to the same referees if deemed necessary by the Editor and the Editorial Board. In this process, a new report may be requested regarding whether the relevant corrections have been made in line with the recommendations.
11. The articles are listed in the publication list in line with the completion dates of the referee evaluation processes. The final decision regarding the publication of studies is made by the Journal Editorial Board.
12. Articles are subject to the editing process by the relevant editors according to their language (Turkish / English). Articles are sent to the authors for a final check before publication.
13. Articles are not returned to the authors, regardless of whether they are included in the scope of publication or not. However, authors have the right to withdraw their manuscripts before the evaluation stage with a justification.
14. No fee is paid to the author and no fee is charged for the published articles.
15. Articles are available free of charge in print and digital.

Etkileşim Journal Article Categories

Articles

Research Article: These are the studies that include an original research in which a topic in the field of communication or social sciences is discussed in line with the findings obtained by scientific research methods, and where the literature study, method description and research findings / results are conveyed.

Review Article: These are studies in which previous studies on a subject in the field of communication or social sciences are reviewed in detail, and the information obtained from these studies is discussed with the current literature within a frame determined by the author.

Etkileşim/Comment

Essay: These are the studies in which the author discusses an idea in the field of communication or social sciences based on his own views and emphasizes the importance of a subject with its reasons.

Book Review: These are the studies where a book is examined and evaluated in terms of subject, content and importance. Author(s), after giving some information about the book, make evaluations about the subject and content. Then they make criticisms about the purpose of the book, its content, its contribution to the field, and its missing points(s).

Interview: These are studies conducted with the experts in the field of communication or social sciences to present their perspectives on a current issue, to convey discussions, to identify the inadequacies in these discussions and to offer suggestions.

Translation: It includes Turkish-English, English-Turkish studies in the field of communication or social sciences, with the permission of publication and strictly adhering to the text.

Open Access Policy

All issues and related content of Etkileşim can be accessed free of charge on the internet in accordance with the policies of the Budapest Open Access Initiative (BOAI). Users are allowed to read, download, copy, print, search, or link to the full texts of the articles in this journal without asking prior permission from the publisher or the author for non-commercial purposes. This is in accordance with the BOAI definition of open access. The open access articles in the journal are licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) license.

Copyright

Etkileşim adopts open access policy and publishes studies that have not been published anywhere before, not accepted for publication and /or have not been sent to another journal. In the process of submitting the papers via DergiPark, authors upload the “Copyright Transfer Agreement” (please see the attachment) form to the system. By signing the form, authors grant the copyright to publish the work to Etkileşim, Academic Journal of Üsküdar University, Faculty of Communication. Etkileşim retains the copyright to the work licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial- NoDerivatives 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). According to CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 license, unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction of the original work are permitted for non-commercial purposes only, provided it is properly cited and its authors credited. No derivative of this work may be distributed.

The form contains the following information:

“I hereby declare that the work titled ………………………….… I / we have submitted is not published elsewhere and is not in the publication process of another journal. In the event that the manuscript is accepted for publication, I grant the copyright to publish the work to Etkileşim, Academic Journal of Üsküdar University, Faculty of Communication which will retain the copyright to my work licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial- NoDerivatives 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0).”

Attached File - Copyright Transfer Agreement

Licence Notice

The published texts can be used with reference, based on intellectual property and copyright legislation, for non-commercial purposes in Etkileşim. They cannot be reproduced partially or completely for commercial purposes. All content is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). The framework pointed out by Creative Commons is adopted by Etkileşim:

Share: Copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format. The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms.

Attribution: You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.

NonCommercial: You may not use the material for commercial purposes.

NoDerivatives: If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you may not distribute the modified material.

No additional restrictions: You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.

Etkileşim adopts a no-fee policy. Our journal does not charge any fees for article submission, article-editorial processing or publication charges (page or color charges). No fee is paid to the author and no fee is charged for the published articles in Etkileşim. Articles are available free of charge in print and digital.